In the complex network of European railway transport, efficient and safe traffic management is essential. For this reason, the ERTMS (European Railway Traffic Management System) was created, a revolutionary system designed to unify and simplify railway traffic throughout Europe, consolidating safety and fluidity in the movement of trains.
The Key: Total Interoperability
Interoperability is the cornerstone of the ERTMS. This Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system ensures that a train equipped with ERTMS from any manufacturer can operate on track sections equipped with third-party ERTMS equipment. In addition, the behaviour of the protective equipment is consistent under the same circumstances, providing a uniform and safe experience.
Breaking down the ERTMS: What are the Key Components?
On the tracks:
- Eurobalise: Fixed marker on the track that transmits information to the train.
- Lineside Electronic Unit (LEU): Device attached to the track which is part of the ERTMS system
- Euroloop: Track element that provides the train with speed information
- Modular Interface Module of Decentralized Elements (MSTT): Key component for interoperability.
- Radio Block Centre (RBC): Centre in charge of managing communication between trains and the signalling network.
On the train:
- EVC (European Vital Computer): Computer vital for on-board system management.
- Tachogenerator Odometer: Device that measures the distance travelled by the train.
- Odometer with Radar Sensor: Another device used to measure the distance travelled.
- DMI (Driver Machine Interface): Interface that connects the machinist to the system.
- Legal Registrar (JRU): Equipment that records important events.
- Eurobalise Reading Antenna: It collects information from beacons on the road.
- Euroradio system (GSM-R): Railway communication system.
The STM Level: A Smart Intermediate Step
In addition to levels 1, 2 and 3, the ERTMS introduces the STM Level (Specific Transmission Module). Designed to allow the progressive implementation of ERTMS technology in areas with existing ATP systems, the STM Level ensures the same functionality as the corresponding ATP system. Although not interoperable, its carefully defined interface allows effective communication between trains and STM equipment.
Seamless Transitions between the ERTMS Levels
This transition, composed of announcements and orders, is based on the detailed communication of key information, such as the level at which it is transited and the distance to the transition point.
In short, the ERTMS not only represents a milestone in European railway management, but also redefines efficiency and safety in railway transport. Its ability to adapt to different levels and existing systems demonstrates its versatility and commitment to a unified and advanced railway future throughout Europe.
